Medical Bandage Manufacturing Process Flowchart

 

Process Flowchart Steps:

1. Raw Material Selection:

   • Select appropriate fibers based on product requirements:

     • Cotton: For high absorbency.

     • Polyester: For durability.

     • Spandex: For elasticity.

2. Fiber Preparation:

   • Washing, bleaching, and sterilizing the raw fibers to ensure purity.

   • Drying the fibers before further processing.

3. Spinning:

   • Converting the prepared fibers into yarn.

   • Adjust yarn thickness and quality as per product specifications.

4. Weaving/Knitting:

   • Weaving: For producing gauze or flat fabrics.

   • Knitting: For elastic bandages.

5. Sterilization:

   • Apply sterilization processes like:

     • Ethylene Oxide (ETO).

     • Gamma Radiation.

     • Autoclaving.

6. Cutting and Packaging:

   • Cut the fabric to required dimensions.

   • Ensure the cutting process is sterile.

   • Use surgical-grade sterile packaging.

7. Quality Control:

   • Test tensile strength, elasticity, and microbial resistance.

   • Check absorbency levels for gauze bandages.

8. Final Packaging and Distribution:

   • Seal the bandages in final medical-grade packaging.

   • Prepare for distribution to hospitals, pharmacies, or clinics.

---

Detailed Process Steps:

1. Raw Material Selection:

• Natural fibers like cotton are highly absorbent, while synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester add durability and moisture resistance.

• Elastic components like spandex or latex-free elastic ensure flexibility.

2. Fiber Preparation:

• Raw cotton or synthetic fibers are cleaned and bleached to remove impurities.

• Sterilization ensures that the fibers meet medical-grade cleanliness standards.

3. Spinning:

• Prepared fibers are converted into yarn using spinning machines.

• The thickness of the yarn is adjusted depending on whether the bandage is elastic or gauze-type.

4. Weaving/Knitting:

• Weaving machines create gauze-like fabrics with open spaces for air permeability.

• Knitting machines are used for elastic bandages, integrating spandex or similar materials.

5. Sterilization:

• Sterilize the fabric to remove microbial contamination using:

  • Ethylene Oxide (ETO): Effective for medical-grade textiles.

  • Gamma Radiation: Common for medical equipment and textiles.

  • Autoclaving: Steam sterilization under pressure.

6. Cutting and Packaging:

• Fabric is cut into standardized sizes using automatic or manual cutting machines.

• Packaging occurs in a sterile environment to ensure no contamination.

7. Quality Control:

• Conduct tests such as:

  • Tensile strength tests to ensure durability.

  • Absorbency tests for gauze bandages.

  • Elasticity tests for stretchable bandages.

• Verify compliance with ISO 13485 and EN 13795 standards.

8. Final Packaging and Distribution:

• Use vacuum-sealed or sterile pouches for each bandage.

• Labels should include sterilization date, product type, and usage instructions.

---

Flowchart Representation:

1. Raw Material Selection ➔ 2. Fiber Preparation ➔ 3. Spinning ➔ 4. Weaving/Knitting ➔ 5. Sterilization ➔ 6. Cutting & Packaging ➔ 7. Quality Control ➔ 8. Final Packaging & Distribution

Bleached wash problem on knit /denim and solution

 

The yellowish effect on the bleached dots fabric could be due to several reasons related to the washing processes used. Here are some potential causes and solutions to address the yellowing:

Potential Causes:

1. Chemical Residues:
• Silicon Wash: Silicone-based softeners can sometimes leave a yellowish tint if not properly rinsed out.
• Enzyme Wash: Improper neutralization after enzyme treatment can cause yellowing.
• Garment Wash: The type of detergent and the pH balance during washing could affect the color.
2. Water Quality:
• High iron content in the water can cause yellowing, especially when combined with bleach.
3. Bleach Residues:
• Incomplete removal of bleach can result in yellowing over time.
4. Heat Exposure:
• High drying temperatures can cause certain chemicals to oxidize, leading to yellowing.

Solutions:

1. Rinse Thoroughly:
• Ensure that the fabric is thoroughly rinsed after each washing stage to remove any chemical residues.
2. Use Antioxidants:
• Adding antioxidants during the rinse process can help prevent oxidation and subsequent yellowing.
3. Adjust pH:
• Ensure that the pH is neutralized properly after each wash. A slightly acidic final rinse (pH 5.5-6.5) can help prevent yellowing.
4. Water Quality:
• If the water has a high iron content, using a water softener or iron remover could help.
5. Lower Drying Temperature:
• Reduce the drying temperature to prevent heat-induced yellowing.
6. Use Optical Brighteners:
• Incorporating optical brighteners in the final rinse can help maintain the fabric’s brightness.

Recommendations for Future Production:

1. Test Washes:
• Conduct small-scale test washes with different combinations of washing treatments to identify the cause of yellowing.
2. Chemical Quality Control:
• Ensure that the chemicals used in the washing process are of high quality and suitable for the fabric type.
3. Process Optimization:
• Work with your chemical supplier to optimize the washing process and chemical formulations to prevent yellowing.

By systematically adjusting these variables, you should be able to eliminate the yellowish effect and maintain the desired appearance of the bleached dots fabric.

Textile defects

 Garments Defects

Garments Defects is something we call imperfection, the incompleteness of a Garments product. Any deviation from customer requirement or standard, we can call it to defect. Anything cross from the buyer dimensional limit of a garments product that also called as a defect. There are assigned QC to detect defects in cutting, sewing, and finishing. There are three types of defects, these are 1. Critical defect 2. Major defect 3. Minor Defect. Critical Defect A defect that is likely to result in a hazardous, unsafe condition or found anything sharp in product for an individual or anyone around him using the product or that contravenes mandatory regulations. If a buyer finds a critical defect in their QC inspection, the whole lot will be marked as 'fail'. A critical defect cannot be rectified. The appearance of a critical defect in shop floor stops production. Example of Critical defect: 1. Snap Button Sharpness. 2. Drawstring Length (over 14cm kid’s item) 3. Article number missing. 4. Connecting Thread (kids item) 5. Broken needle catch in the garments. 6. Shank Button Sharp Edge. 7. Styling wrong. Major Defect A defect that is likely to result in failure; reducing the usability of the product and obvious appearance defects affecting the sale ability or shorten the life cycle of the product. The major defect is rectifiable. Example of Major defect: 1. Embroidery Broken. 2. Sequins Missing. 3. Broken Print. 4. Lycra Breaks. 5. Broken stitch. Minor Defect A defect that does not reduce the usability of the product, doesn’t show easily but is nevertheless a workmanship defect beyond the defined specifications or construction requirements. Example of Minor defect: 1. Uncut Thread (Below 1cm) 2. Fly Poor Shape (Slightly) 3. W/B Loop Slanted (Slightly)

Textile Test for woven and knitting with lab report

                     click here  to get a sample copy:       Textile Lab report sample 

                                                              

    Some  Fabric common test :

                                            

1. Strength of the fabric,
2. Stiffness test,
3. Drape test,
4. Crease recovery test,
5. Pilling test,
6. Colorfastness test,
7. Special property test 
8. Abrasion resistance 
9. shrinkage test etc                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1.strength of the fabric:                                                                                                                                                   a. fabric  strength, seam strength, resistance to yarn                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Some quality control tool

1. 1. Crock meter,
   2. some software
   3. Abrasion tester,
   4. Electric Balance,
   5. Packing equipment,
   6. Doubling equipment’s,
   7. Data color software,,
   8. Cloth measuring tap,
   9. Fabric inspection machine,
   10. PH meter,
   11. Storage equipment,
   12. Spectrophotometer,
   13. Mini dyeing machine,
   14. Iron.
   15. Gsm cutter and tester

   Types of Testing and Approval Required for Apparel Shipment:

   Important list of Testing and approval needed for clothing shipment have mentioned in the below:

   1. Fastness to perspiration test,
   2. Fastness to water spotting test,
   3. Pilling resistance test,
   4. Crease resistance test,
   5. Fastness to heat test,
   6. Threads per inch test,
   7. Fastness to the chlorinated water test,
   8. Width test,
   9. Fastness to actual laundering test,
   10. Tear strength test,
   11. Tensile strength test,
   12. Stretchability and growth recovery test,
   13. Smoothness appearance test,
   14. Fastness test  after washing,
   15. Fastness to the seawater test,
   16. Thermal stability test,
   17. Fastness to light test,
   18.  slippage test seam,
   19. Fabric weight test,
   20. Abrasion resistance test

Why Sudy in Textile engineering ???

 A large part of the textile engineering curriculum is practical education history, science, literature, engineering ... how many subjects are there in our universities. It is difficult to decide what I will read. In this section on dreaming, we introduce each subject. Shakirul Islam, Lecturer in Weight Processing Engineering, Bangladesh Textile University, spoke about textile engineering today. this page has  translated by google.

                                                             

What is taught?

 

There is a common misconception about textile engineering. Many people think that textile engineering is taught to make clothes. But this has nothing to do with making clothes. The basics of textiles are mainly taught in textile engineering. The subject of this study is how to make a yarn suitable for making cloth from fiber, or how to make a fabric comfortable. Possibilities and uses of non-combustible, heat-resistant, chemical-resistant or water-resistant fabrics — all of these are taught in textile engineering. This includes textile engineering, not just engineering, but everything from everyday wear to specialized (such as jackets for firefighters or astronauts' suits). The negative impact on the environment of this huge textile sector for the world's 600 million people

Prevention is also part of textile engineering. From the fashion innovation of new designs to the maintenance of machinery or ensuring the quality of the finished product .all these are taught in textile engineering.

What is the future?

The future of a student who has passed out in textile engineering is bright. The textile sector is constantly growing. The use of textiles are increasing in various sectors including medical equipments, automobiles, aerospace, geo-textiles. Nowadays in developed countries, from microchips to huge buildings, bridges, weapon structures, bulletproof clothing — these composite materials are being made with high-strength fiber. 

If we talk about jobs, we will say that we are not able to provide even half of the amount of textile engineers that our country needs. Anyone who passes in textile engineering can easily get involved in garment industry. So far our students are usually accustomed to two types of jobs. Merchandiser of factory production and buying house. Although the salaries of merchandisers are relatively high in the beginning, when those involved in production begin to become experienced, their demand increases, as do their salaries.

Where is the career?

Textile mills, factories, buying houses, human resources, fashion designing, marketing are all open to textile engineers. Reading textile engineering is not just a matter of working in a textile mill, factory. Those of us here who are studying industrial production or machine design, machine maintenance, can also contribute to other work besides textiles. If one wants to be an entrepreneur, there are endless opportunities for him. No one is designing textile machines in our country yet. We have to depend on foreigners for instruments. Our production is going on with the machines made by them. Apart from this, if any device is damaged, people from foreign companies are coming and fixing it. All in all, the factory is losing 20-25 days of production. And foreigners have high wages. Or suppose, our country does not yet have its own machinery or institution to maintain the quality of manufactured products. There are a few companies that are all foreigners. Maybe our local engineers are working there, but the owners of the company are foreigners. In addition, we do not yet have any good quality 'dice chemical' made by ourselves. Work is going on by importing from abroad. Today's young entrepreneurs can think about these sectors if they want.

Lately, many are going to study abroad(germany,china,hongkong,USA,UK...) after graduating in textile engineering. Some are returning to the country after graduation, PhD and joining the job, some are looking for a job in that country. 

Who will read?

As the chances of success in the textile sector are high, so is the challenge. As such, those who love to take up the challenge are welcome in the textile sector. Chemistry covers a large part of textile engineering. Knowledge of physics required for machinery. As well as those who like to read chemistry, physics or think about it, they can also read. Go to science subjects

Don't be afraid, for those who are interested in tackling new challenges, textile engineering can be a very good subject for study.

Textile Application in Germany

 🇩🇪    Application  in Hocschule Niederrhein University of Applied Science.

🇩🇪   Management of Textile Trade & Technology.

🇩🇪  A valid passport.

Summer semester application deadline 15th December.

Winter semester application deadline 15th june.

1.Course selection for M.sc or B.sc from Daad👉https://www.daad.de/en/

2. Follow The Course Requirements.👉https://www.hs-niederrhein.de/faculties/textile-and-clothing-technology/

3. Collection all documents :

    a) Ssc,Hsc,B.sc certificate with Mark sheet (cgpa 3.30 up Must should maintain otherwise you may not get your admission but you can try if you have score 3.00 up) 👉 Attested

    b) IELTS (6+) (1700 taka for Examination) and Attested it from german embassy free.

   c) Recommendation letter from         Univesrsity. 2copy from different professor. n/a:without Attested.

  d) Motivational letter from your own knowledge.(Maximum 2 page). n/a:Without Attested.

e) cv (europass)👉https://europa.eu/europass/eportfolio/screen/profile-wizard?lang=en

f) R&d,

 you will find several topics from university web portal regarding your desire semester  along with you will get specification(lines,mergines,border,font,literature review, objective,methodology, conceptual design, sowrn declaration, reference with citation etc) how to do this R&D.you have to choose one topic).I have sample copy on my blogsite. n/a: without Attested

g) MOI=Medium of Instruction English, collect it from your own university,if you have no IELTS score you can apply with this paper but without IELTS German Embassy don't give you visa.

h) Travel Insurance 👉 please german embassy website for Which Insurance  Company would be accepted by German Embassy. 

4. All documents attested from german embassy Dhaka.(free).  within 1&2 week you will get mail or phone from embassy for collection.

5. Registration in Uni-assist  portal.( free)👉https://www.uni-assist.de/

6. Sent all documents to Uni-assist and fill all criteria. (75 euro for one course via bank or credit card)

7. Sent all Attested documents  hard print or photocopy to Uni-assist address via from one of them=DHL(best),FedX,First express,(2500 taka).

8. Uni-assist confirmed to you that your all documents is correct and also they will send it to your university. from now your university will contact with you. n/a: If your documents don't match of university requirement then Uni-assist can reject you.

9.This step you will get your offer letter.after that you have to send 10,236 euro (10laks) in german bank through Fintiba (deutschland) with sonali bank(Bangladesh). within 1 to 3 days you will get your blocked confirmation.👉https://www.fintiba.com/

Alhamdulillah!!! 

10. Now Take your Embassy date or Appointment for getting your visa.

11. Embassy face. All documents 2 set photocopy with original documents,passport,block account confirmation copy.health insurance papers,*IELTS,*Admission letter( approximately 7,000 taka embassy fee).follow german Embassy website for getting recent update or which documents should need for visa application.👉https://dhaka.diplo.de/

12. Normally 1 months later or it depends, you will get your visa.say Alhamdulillah!!! 

13. Air ticket online booking and payment confirmed (Normally 55,000 taka).👉https://www.emirates.com/de/english/

14. Shopping 🥰🥰🥰Take care of your family memebers.

16.Manage your residence house near your university.

15. Fly and arrive on frankfurt or dusseldorf. and taking rest for few days.

16.complete Enrollment,city registretion, Health Insurance,Collect social number & tax identification number from finanzamt office, extention your visa and take work permit.

17.unblock your account.

18.arrange a part time job and start your study. pray 5 salah everyday as you are Muslim.

May the dream be like the chest of the sky, be successful like a holy flower.

Remember: If someone do something better, you have to understand you will do it today or tomorrow!!! 

Danke schön 👍

 

 

    

German study Application full process In Bangla Blog.

জার্মানিতে কীভাবে পড়াশুনার জন্য আবেদন করবেন তার লিংক👎👎👎👎👎
https://www.bessig.de/post/ধ-প-ধ-প-জ-র-ম-ন-ত-উচ-চশ-ক-ষ