SPIRALITY

SPIRALITY :  Spirality is defined as a distortion of a circular knitted fabric in which the wales follow a spiral path round the axis of the knitted fabric tube.

plain knitted fabrics made from single cotton yarn are most prone to spikrality.spirality does not occure in balanced structures like 1*1 rib interlock as the loop formed in opposite direction cancel out the distortion..⦽➤

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spirality

   

problems associated with the spirality some of the practical problems encountered in garments arising from the knitted fabric spirality

 >>>>> Displacement of seams often reffered to as twist in the cut ant sewn garments 

>>>>mismatch the pattern
>>>>sewing difficulties
  
   factors in fluencing spirality on fabric       

>the most prominient and fundamental factor contributing to the spirality in a knitted fabric (spirality is the residual torque of the yarn used ).

> if the twist level yarn is used for knitting the resultant loop  will no longer be symmetrical because of the inducced tortional starin in the yarn.

> the twisted yarn will have a tendency to untwist and release the torsional strain inside it in order to acquire the natural   configuration of a minimum energy state the yarn will attempt to rotate inside the fabric .thus,lifting one side of loop out of the surface  while otherside stays inside the fabric this distortion of loop symmetry gives rise to spirality  an inclination of loops like effect on the fabric .

  >the tightness factor for a knitted  fabric  indicates the relative loopness or tightness of a knitted lop in the space therefore it indirectly affects the fabric spirality by controlling the loop relation in the knitted structure . 

   controlling spirality                   

>spirality is minimised by the use doubled(two folded).

>spirality may be eliminated by knitted alternate ends of "s"  and "Z" twisted yarn of equal but opposite twist level.

>resin treatment is sometimes used to reduce the degree of distortion due to spirality.

>however the complete elimination of spirality in single jersey made from single yarn is virtually impossible ,one can only hope to reduce the  angle such as extent that the customer will be satisfied.

> spirality of more than 5-10 degree  is clearly visible  fabrics of around 10 degree spirality are commonly processed although acceptability varies with the quality ,price bracket and end use of particular goods. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF RIB FABRIC

CHARACTERISTICS OF RIB FABRIC

1.   The smallest rib fabric is 1*1 rib 
2. it is knitted two sets of latch needle
3. 1*1 rib has the appearance of the technical face of the palin on both sides .
4. 1*1 rib is balanced  by alternate  wales of face  loops on each side .
5. it lies that when curl.
6. it is more expensive fabric to produce than plain.
7. it is heavier structure
8. the rib machine required finner yarns than similar guage plain m/c.
9. Rib can not be unroved from either ends                                                                             .10.Rib structure are elastic from knitting and retain warmth better than plain structure.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

RIB & INTERLOCK FABRIC BASIC KNOWLEDGE

RIB & INTERLOCK FABRIC  BASIC KNOWLEDGE 

PROPERTIES OF A TEXTILE MATERIAL

PROPERTIES OF A TEXTILE MATERIAL 

Basic warp knitting principle

Basic warp knitting principle        

Bangladesh map-textile activity

classification of loom

classification of loom  


Loom :   The device which is used to produce woven fabric is called loom,it is not a machine   


1)According to the lifting mechanism  
      a) Tappet loom
      b) Modern loom(cam)
    
     2.According to the shedding mechanism
      
     a)tappet shedding
    b) cam shedding 
     c) dobby shedding


   3) According with picking mechanism 
   
    a)shuttle b)rapier  c) airjet   d) multiphase    e)  projectile 



    4)  according to the dobby mechanism
   
     a)needle dobby 
      b) cam dobby


   5)according to the  spped
   
   a)low speed(upto 250) 
   b) modern speed (350-500 rpm)
    c) high speed.

   
   6)By naming of loom
    
   a)shuttle loom
   b)rapier loom
    c)airjet loom
   d)water jet loom 
   e)jacquard loom
   f)multiphase loom
   g) projectile loom


  
 7)In according with mounting 
  
   a) Harness mounting        b) Heald wire mounting 


8)shuttle device 
a) shuttle loom  b) shuttle less loom



9)Motion loom

* Primary motion
  a)  shedding   b) picking  c) beat up 

  * Secondary motion
   a)take up
                  i)positive   ii)negative 

   b) let-off
                i)positive    ii) negative 

   
   

   3) Tertiary motion
       a)warp stop motion
       b) weft stop motion 
      c)temple motion
      d)cramming motion(weft)
      e)center weft fork motion
     f)side weft fork motion 
     g)warp protector motion
     h)weft replenishment
     i)slow reed and fast reed motion .


    

Discussed about knitting fundamentals

NEEDLE:      NEEDLE IS THE PRIMARY knitting element which produces loops during knitting .it  is made by thin metal things consisting hook and but.it also holds the loops during  complex knitting cycle
   

SINKER:  sinker are the another type of second  primary knitting  elements of machine .the main function of it is to hold down knock over the loops.sometimes that produces loops also sinkers gives backword and forward movements during ups and downs motions of needle 


CAM : CAM IS ONE KIND OF ENGINEERING DEVICE WHICH  IS TRANSFORM CIRCULAR MOTION TO  THE RECIPROCATING MOTION.A MACHINE  RPM( ROTATE PER MOTION) DEPENDS ON CAM DEGREE.
                       
                                                 
                                              CAMS
                                                  there are two types of cam 1. engineering knitting cam
                                                                                              2.angular knitting cam
                                                                         
1.ENGINEERING KNITTING CAM =A) CIRCULAR KNITTING CAM

• SINGLE ACTING
• COUNTER CAM 
• BOX CAM               

2.ANGULAR KNITTING CAM=B) GUARD CAM
                                                       C) UPTHROW CAM
                                                       D) STITCH CAM
                                                       E)CLEARING CAM/RAISING CAM>>>
                                                                                                                     1).knit
                                                                                                                     2) tuck 
                                                                                                                      3)miss                                                                   
                                                       
                                               


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fabric & knitting fundamentals

fabric : Assembled construction  which is made from yarn or fibre

three types of fabric     
                                                                                                                                  
 1.WOVEN- INTERLACEMENT -YARN-UPS AND DOWN.                                                              2.KNITTED - INTERMESHING -YARNS -OVERLOCKING-LOOP .                                           3.NONWOVEN: NEEDLE  - STITCHING OR OTHER TECHNIQUE.



WOVEN FABRIC: the action of producing fabric by the interlacing of warp and weft threads is called weaving.weaving is done by shade formation.


KNITTED FABRIC : The fabric which is produced by intermeshing of loops from one sets of yarn called knitted fabric


KNITTING : the process where knitted fabric is being produced during successive knitting cycle called knitting

KNITTING FUNDAMENTALS:
 -CAM   - FEEDER  -NEEDLE  -SINKER  -CYLINDER  -TRACK  -JACK  -SENSOR  --SPREDER   -TUCK  etc